Pathophysiology

 INTRODUCTION: Pathophysiology is described as the study of the biological and physical manifestations of disease as they correlate with the underlying abnormalities and physiological disturbances. Pathophysiology does not deal directly with the treatment of diseases but it explain the processes within the body that result in the sign and symptoms of the disease. In short pathophysiology means study of the nature and cause of disease or the result of disease in the body. Pathophysiology is a required area for nearly all healthcare professional school and college programs in India and other countries. In short pathophysiology is an advanced field of study beyond anatomy and physiology and it’s concerned with the study of diseases, infections, illness and dysfunctions in the human body. DISEASE: The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs normal function i.e functional abnormality. It may be cause by external factors such as infectious disease or it may be caused by...

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) develop due to chronic inflammation of GIT (the intestines more often). Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major disorders included under IBD, Both the disorders are characterised by periods of exacerbations and remissions of varying severity The cause of IBD is still not clear, however, it is assumed to be the result of a genetic autoimmune state activated by an infection. The intestinal mucosa is made up of immune cells which on stimulation releases inflammatory mediators (e.g. histamine prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines). The function and neural activity of the secretory and smooth muscle cells in the GIT are influenced by inflammatory mediators Also an imbalance in fluid, electrolyte, and pH occurs. IBD may cause intense pain, weaken the patient, and may be fatal. Crohn's Disease A condition in which any part of the GIT (the proximal portion of colon more commonly and the terminal ileum less commonly) becomes in...